Culture

Writ by Jesse Lee

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that characterize a group or society. It encompasses everything from:

• language

• religion

• and social habits 

to

•  music

•  art

•  and cuisine

Culture is learned and transmitted from one generation to the next through socialization and can vary widely across different regions and ethnic groups.

 Locus Of Control 

Writ By Jesse Lee

Locus of control refers to an individual's belief system regarding the causes of events in their life. It is a psychological concept that describes the extent to which people believe they have control over the outcomes of their lives or whether external factors beyond their control dictate their fate. People with an:

1. internal locus of control believe that they have control over their lives, 

2. while those with an external locus of control believe that external factors such as:

• luck

•  chance

• or other people determine their outcomes.

Individuals with an internal locus of control tend to be more:

• self-motivated

• optimistic

•  and confident

 in their abilities. They take responsibility for their actions and believe that they can influence the outcome of events through their efforts.

 In contrast, individuals with an external locus of control tend to be more:

• passive 

• and less motivated.

 They may feel:

• helpless

•  and powerless

to change their circumstances and may blame outside forces for their failures.

Locus of control has been linked to various aspects of human behavior, including:

•  academic achievement

•  job performance

•  health outcomes

• and mental well-being. 

Studies have shown that people with an internal locus of control are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors such as:

• exercise

•  and healthy eating habits

while those with an external locus of control are more likely to:

• engage in risky behaviors such as:

• smoking 

• and substance abuse.

 Self-control refers to the ability of an individual to generate and control their own actions and behaviors.

It is a crucial aspect of self-regulation and self-control, allowing individuals to pursue their goals and adapt to changing circumstances. Self-production involves a complex interplay between

Cognitive

emotional

and motivational

processes, as well as the ability to monitor and adjust one's own behavior based on feedback from the environment.

 It plays a crucial role in:

•  mental health 

• and well-being.

Correlation with self: Identity, consciousness, and self-esteem are all closely related to the concept of self. They contribute to how an individual perceives themselves and their place in the world.

Identity shapes one's sense of self by providing a framework for understanding one's unique characteristics and experiences. Consciousness allows individuals to reflect on their thoughts and emotions.

Which can influence their self-perception. Self-esteem reflects how an individual values themselves based on their identity and consciousness.

Perception

 

Writ by Jesse Lee

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zuHxHHDktZBwEQuTDlniMd60gDCHeP_YN-YiBaCuUY4/edit?usp=drivesdk

How  do we perceive reality?

For humans to have an understanding of information processed within our anatomy scientists have turned to computer processing systems (Shannon & Weaver, 1963).   After WWII, building upon computational theory of mind scientists theorized cognitive psychology.

Perception is the process of acquiring, interpreting, and understanding sensory information. It is a complex process that involves many cognitive and neural processes.   The way we perceive reality is a result of our senses. Our senses are the only way we can know what is happening in the world around us.

Implicit interoceptive perception is the process of perceiving one's own body and its sensations. It is a form of self-awareness that is not consciousness, but rather subconscious.  —

The term "interoception" was coined by Sir Charles S. Sherrington in 1906 to describe the process of sensing and interpreting stimuli arising from within the body.  Describe properly as the visceral receptive the exteroceptive or the proprioception used to describe: smell, odor or olfactory sound or auditory touch or tactile  light or visual   temperature   nociception.   latin nocere "to harm or hurt"

The word "implicit" was added to the term in 1990 by American psychologist Ronald Melzack to denote that this type of perception does not require conscious awareness or attention/focus .

The term "interoceptive" is derived from the Latin word "interior" which means "within." It is a term that refers to the perception of sensations that originate from within the body.

Explicit Interoceptive Perception (EIP) is a new concept in psychology and neuroscience. It refers to the conscious awareness of bodily sensations, such as heart rate, breathing, and stomach contractions.

Perception is the process by which individuals and societies make sense of the world. It is a complex process that involves many cognitive functions, such as:  attention Salience Valence memory  language

Information processing   Absorbing data bits manipulate to our advantage Combining idea to make fresh; new; unique; helpful ones Encoding information for storing through classification  Pulling from memory through retrieval remembering ( "Definition of information processing". The Free Dictionary. Princeton University. 2012. Retrieved 12/2022)

Theory Of Intelligence  (Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012) creative  analytical  practical abilities  The first segment is creativity and involves a person's ability to come up with new ideas by combining old ideas. Creativity

Analytical is the information processing segment of   meta components planning evaluating problems performance components Take lead from meta components  knowledge-acquisition components  Solve problems (Sternberg & Sternberg, 2012).

What is the role of the executive system in perception?

The executive system is located in the frontal lobe of the brain and includes regions such as the: prefrontal cortex (PFC) anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)  dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).

What is the role of memory in perception?

Memory is the ability to store and recall information. Memory can be either short-term or long-term. Short-term memory lasts for a few seconds, while long-term memory lasts for days, months, or even years. Atkinson-Shiffrin memory model also called the multi-store model memories will only be stored in memory with completion of 3 processes: sensory memory short-term memory  long-term memory (Atkinson, R.C.; Shiffrin, R.M. (1968). "Human memory: A proposed system and its control processes". The Psychology of Learning and Motivation. New York: Academic Press. pp. 89–195.)