Personality, Emotion, and Experience in Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Motivation
Writ by Jesse Lee
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What is Personality and How Does it Affect Our Lives?
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keywords: personality traits, emotion regulation, experience-based learning)
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Personality is a complex concept that affects how we interact with the world around us. It is composed of various traits, such as emotion regulation, experience-based learning, and cognitive abilities. These traits can be used to understand how we think, feel, and behave in different situations. By understanding our personality traits, we can better understand ourselves and others around us. This knowledge can help us make better decisions in our lives and relationships.
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—The Role of Extraversion in Personality Development
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keywords: extraversion personality trait, extraversion definition, extraversion psychology)
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Extraversion is a personality trait that describes how outgoing and sociable an individual is. It is one of the five major traits in the Five Factor Model of Personality, which also includes openness to experience, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism. Extraversion has been studied extensively in psychology and has been found to be associated with a variety of positive outcomes such as higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. This article will explore the role of extraversion in personality development by looking at its definition, its psychological implications, and its potential use in personal growth.
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Neuroticism and Its Impact on Our Emotional Well-Being
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keywords: neuroticism definition, neuroticism psychology, emotional stability)
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Neuroticism is a personality trait that describes how people respond to stress and other negative emotions. It is one of the five major dimensions of personality, along with:
extraversion
openness to experience
agreeableness
conscientiousness
People who are high in neuroticism tend to be more emotionally unstable and prone to negative emotions such as:
anxiety
depression
anger
guilt
On the other hand, those who are low in neuroticism tend to be more emotionally stable and better able to cope with stress. The topic of mindfulness will surface several times because it plays a key role in allowing us to be aware of:
emotions
Emotionality and neuroticism are two different anomalies:
Emotionality consists of:
sentimentality
anxiety
dependence
fearfulness
Whereas neuroticism consists of:
anger
anxiety
depression
hostility
impulsiveness
self-consciousness
vulnerability (Ashton and Lee 2007) (Costa and McCrae 1992)
Negative affect is caused by neuroticism where positive affect is associated with extraversion (Tellegan 1985) (Watson and Clark 1992)
(Deneve and Cooper, 1998)
feelings
sensations
thoughts
from impressions of the environment around us. Being aware of these internal cues can help us to manage them better by not reacting without proper time to respond. Even with immediate instinctual response, previou mindfulness will have prepared our emotional register to be more moderate and even.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to manage our emotions more effectively. CBT is not to be confused with cock and ball torture that's a whole different blog altogether. Finally, we will discuss ways in which we can cultivate emotional stability by developing healthier coping mechanisms for dealing with stressors in our lives.
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Conscientiousness as a Key Factor in Self-Regulation
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keywords: conscientiousness definition, conscientiousness psychology)
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Conscientiousness is a personality trait that is associated with self-regulation and goal-directed behavior. It is defined as the tendency to be organized, responsible, and reliable. People who are high in conscientiousness are more likely to plan ahead, set goals for themselves, and take steps to achieve those goals. They are also more likely to be successful in their endeavors due to their ability to stay focused on the task at hand and persist despite obstacles. This trait can be beneficial in many areas of life, from academic success to career advancement. In this article, we will explore the psychology behind conscientiousness and how it can help individuals regulate their behavior and achieve their goals.
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Agreeableness as a Measure of Interpersonal Relationships
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keywords: agreeableness definition, agreeableness psychology)
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Agreeableness is a personality trait that is used to measure interpersonal relationships. It is defined as the tendency to be compassionate and cooperative towards others. It is one of the five major dimensions of personality in psychology, along with openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, and neuroticism.
Agreeableness has been found to be associated with various positive outcomes such as better relationships with others, higher job satisfaction, and greater life satisfaction. People who are high in agreeableness tend to be more trusting and helpful towards others. They are also more likely to forgive mistakes and show empathy towards those in need. On the other hand, people who are low in agreeableness tend to be more competitive and less likely to cooperate with others.
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Motivation as an Essential Component for Successful Goal Achievement
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Motivation Drive
Motivation PRSR
Attention:Salience Valence Motivation
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Motivation is an essential component for successful goal achievement. It is defined as the psychological process that drives us to take action and achieve our goals. Motivation is the actual physical action which takes off from the momentum of arousal. It is a powerful force that can help us overcome obstacles, stay focused, and reach our desired outcomes.
Motivation psychology studies how we are motivated to take action and how this affects our behavior. It looks at the different factors that influence motivation such as intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and social influences. Understanding motivation can help us better understand why we do what we do and how to use it to achieve success in life.
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Cognition
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Cognitive Drive
Cognitive Enhancement and Dark Triad
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Cognition is the mental process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses. It involves processes such as:
attention
decision-making
language processing
learning
memory
perception
problem-solving
Cognition is a broad term that encompasses many different aspects of mental functioning. In psychology, cognition refers to the study of how people think and process information. Cognitive psychologists use various methods to study cognition including experiments with humans or animals in laboratory settings as well as naturalistic observation in everyday life. Using surveys, interviews and scales created by previous researchers using the scientific method. Since no one person can do this in a lifetime researchers build on their peers' studies and continue with ideas of their own.
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Traits
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Traits Drive
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Traits are the characteristics that make up an individual's personality. They are the building blocks of our behavior and can be used to explain why we act in certain ways. Traits can be physical, mental, or emotional. In psychology, traits refer to a person's enduring qualities that influence their behavior across different situations. Traits are typically measured using self-report surveys and other methods of assessment. Understanding traits is important for understanding how people think and behave in different contexts.
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Personality computing
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Around 2005 the study of personality recognition based on the fact that scientists could accurately recognize a personality type based on their online footprint. The use of Personality computing is useful in the fields of marketing and creating artificial intelligence. By exploiting the affective States of:
Valence
positive or negative feelings toward salience (focus of attention)
Arousal
activated process of the sympathetic nervous system
Measurable because the amygdala sets off a instinctual process withdraw off our reward system:
Freeze
Accelerate
based on physiological needs for:
food
hedonic
sex
social
water
Motivation
The internal Force which pushes us toward or away from something based on Valence
Urgent drive to act or interact if salience is +
Pushed to flee or avoid if -
Think of it as a three step process in which valence points you in a direction, next arousal starts the engine and finally motivation puts it in gear or reverse while hitting the gas. This makes our cognitive appraisal processes such as:
attitudes
decision making
impression formation
human preferences
the road map to get us where we're going. This is where things like cognitive scope come into play in two ways:
Positive affects open up avenues of thought while negative affects close routes of thought
the reason why positivity is more sought after
More intense affective energy narrows while negative effective energy broadens
The reason being the more somebody's interest in something increases so does the focus on that subject, whereas if our feelings become negative we start looking for other options broadening our field of thought.
Affective Reactions:
Liking
pleasure
disliking
displeasure
Experiential evaluations based on our cognitive processes through past experience create the guidance for reaction. (Brewing, 1989). Human rationality is born from affective reactions and comes to fruition through cognitive processes (Damasio 1994). This returns us to the above three step process of valence, arousal and motivation.
Affective Tolerance
(Jerome Sashin)
Sensitivity to Anxiety
Intolerance of Uncertainty
Tolerance to Emotional Distress
The concept of mindfulness plays a key role by allowing us to be aware of:
feelings
sensations
thoughts
on what's going around us in the environment.
Affective States
Emotions
Feelings
Mood
Scales and Measurements for Affective States
Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, and sadness. The development of neuroticism can be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. However, it is important to note that neuroticism is not solely determined by either nature or nurture, but rather by the complex interplay between the two.
Research has shown that genetics play a significant role in the development of neuroticism. Studies have found that identical twins, who share 100% of their genes, are more similar in their levels of neuroticism than fraternal twins, who share only 50% of their genes. This suggests that genetic factors contribute to individual differences in neuroticism.
However, environmental factors also play a crucial role in the development of neuroticism. Childhood experiences such as trauma, neglect, and abuse can increase the risk of developing neuroticism later in life. Additionally, stressful life events such as divorce, job loss, or illness can trigger the onset of neurotic symptoms in individuals who are genetically predisposed to the trait.
It is important to note that while genetics and environment both contribute to the development of neuroticism, neither factor alone can fully explain its manifestation. Rather, it is the complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that ultimately determines an individual's level of neuroticism.
ONLY through a combination of genetic and environmental factors can an individual develop neuroticism.
Authoritative Reference
Costa PT Jr., McCrae RR. Neuroticism, somatic complaints, and disease: is the bark worse than the bite? J Pers. 1987;55(2):299-316.
Kendler KS, Myers J. A developmental twin study of church attendance and alcohol and nicotine consumption: a model for analyzing the changing impact of genes and environment. Am J Psychiatry. 2010;167(10):1217-1224.
Plomin R, DeFries JC, Knopik VS, Neiderhiser JM. Top 10 replicated findings from behavioral genetics. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2016;11(1):3-23.
Genetic and Environmental Pathways Underlying Personality Traits ...
The present study examined the genetic and environmental etiology ... Because of limited availability of personality data, we only made use ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7596875/
Nature, nurture, and mental health Part 1: The influence of genetics, ...
Personality significantly determines the existence, nature, and outcomes of mental disorders. Neuroticism is the strongest correlate with mental disorders (18).
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8922370/
Is Personality Genetic? The Impact of Genes vs. Environment
Personality traits are influenced by genetics, but the environment also plays an important role. Learn more about how much of personality is ...
https://www.verywellmind.com/are-personality-traits-caused-by-genes-or-environment-4120707
The Case of Neuroticism and Extraversion - Christian Kandler, 2012
In this article, I give a short overview of the genetic and environmental contributions to rank-order continuity and change in neuroticism and extraversion.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0963721412452557
Nature and Nurture in Personality Development
In this article, I give a short overview of t genetic and environmental contributions to rank-order continuity and change in neuroticism and extraversion. Both ...
https://www.jstor.org/stable/44318598
