Intersubjectivity

 Writ by Jesse Lee aka Oregonleatherboy 

		Intersubjectivity
		Intersubjectivity is a concept in social psychology that refers to the shared understanding and communication between individuals.
		Tactics of intersubjectivity refer to the various strategies or techniques used by individuals to establish and maintain this shared understanding during social interactions. These tactics are important for
		effective communication
		building relationships
		achieving common goals.
		Here are some common tactics of intersubjectivity:
		1. Active Listening: Active listening involves paying close attention to what the other person is saying, asking questions, and paraphrasing their statements to ensure that you have understood them correctly. This tactic helps to establish a shared understanding of the conversation and can prevent misunderstandings.
		2. Nonverbal Communication: Nonverbal communication includes facial expressions, gestures, and body language.
		These nonverbal cues can convey
		emotions
		attitudes
		and intentions
		which can help to establish a shared understanding of the conversation.
		3. Empathy: Empathy involves putting yourself in the other person's shoes and trying to understand their perspective.
		This tactic can help to build trust and rapport between individuals, as well as facilitate effective communication.
		4. Clarification: Clarification involves asking for more information or elaboration on a particular point.
		This tactic can help to ensure that both parties have a clear understanding of the conversation.
		5. Validation: Validation involves acknowledging the other person's feelings or perspective, even if you do not necessarily agree with them.
		This tactic can help to create a sense of mutual respect and understanding.
		Intersubjectivity refers to the shared understanding between two or more individuals about a particular experience or situation. It involves the ability to perceive and understand the
		thoughts
		feelings
		and perspectives of others.
		Personality is a complex set of characteristics that shape an individual'
		behavior
		thoughts
		and emotions.
		The relationship between intersubjectivity and personality is complex and multifaceted. In this answer, we will explore how intersubjectivity correlates with personality in more detail.
		1. Intersubjectivity and Personality Traits
		Personality traits are stable patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that characterize an individual's personality.
		Research has shown that certain personality traits are associated with higher levels of intersubjectivity.
		For example, individuals who score high on measures of openness to experience tend to be more empathic and better able to understand the perspectives of others.
		Similarly, individuals who score high on measures of agreeableness tend to be more cooperative and considerate of others.
		2. Intersubjectivity and Attachment Styles
		Attachment theory suggests that the quality of early attachments between infants and their caregivers shapes their ability to form intimate relationships later in life.
		Research has shown that individuals with secure attachment styles tend to have higher levels of intersubjectivity than those with insecure attachment styles.
		Securely attached individuals are better able to regulate their
		emotions
		communicate effectively
		and understand the perspectives of others.
		3. Intersubjectivity and Mental Health
		Mental health disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are characterized by deficits in
		social communication
		and interaction skills.
		Individuals with ASD may struggle with understanding the
		thoughts
		feelings
		and perspectives of others
		which can lead to difficulties in social relationships.
		Research has shown that interventions aimed at improving intersubjectivity can be effective in improving social communication skills in individuals with ASD.
		Authoritative References
		"Intersubjectivity in Human Communication" by Rom Harré and Fathali Moghaddam - This book provides an in-depth exploration of intersubjectivity and its role in human communication.
		"The Handbook of Communication Science" edited by Charles R. Berger and Michael E. Roloff - This comprehensive handbook includes a chapter on interpersonal communication that covers tactics of intersubjectivity.
		"The Oxford Handbook of Language and Social Psychology" edited by Thomas M. Holtgraves - This handbook includes a chapter on language and social interaction that covers tactics of intersubjectivity.
		Davis MH. Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1983;44(1):113-126.
		Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change. New York: Guilford Press; 2007.
		Dawson G, Bernier R. A quarter century of progress on the early detection and treatment of autism spectrum disorder. Developmental Psychopathology. 2013;25(4pt2):1455-1472